Abstract:The 19th Party Congress proposed to coordinate the systematic management of the mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands, which put forward new requirements for China to carry out the construction of ecological civilization. As one of the important elements in "mountains-rivers-farmlands-fields-lakes-grasslands", the ecological environment quality of mines directly affects the habitat quality of the upper and lower mountains, and even the upstream and downstream of river basin. Among different types of mines, rare earth mines are important strategic resource concentration area in China due to their abundance, scarcity and high product value. The ionic rare earth mine is rich in China’s medium and heavy rare earth resources, is listed as a specific mineral for national protective mining. However, due to the lag of relevant protective mining system, disordered mining, and the particularity of the mining technology and smelting technology of ionic rare earth mines, the mine ecological environment is serious, and the ecological restoration and management are difficult. Based on the systematic review of the mining technology of ionic rare earth mines and the resulting environmental problems, this study summarized the characteristics and application scope of different remediation technologies, and put forward ideas and suggestions for ecological protection and restoration of ionic-type rare earth mine oriented to the river basin. Taking the Ganjiang river basin as an example, this paper summarized the practical experience of ecological protection and restoration of ionic-type rare earth mine in the Ganjiang river basin, and extracted the ecological protection and restoration mode, so as to provide reference for the ecological protection and restoration of ionic-type rare earth mines in China.